Nihilist philosophy, a philosophy that explores the void of purpose, worth, and purpose in life, challenges the very foundations of life. Deriving from the Latin word "nihil," meaning "zero," nihilism maintains that life is lacking inherent meaning, and traditional moral and religious values are unfounded. This perspective gained prominence in the

Utilitarianism, a consequentialist approach of ethics developed by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and Mill, argues that the optimal action is the one that increases overall happiness or satisfaction. Central to this school of thought is the "Maximization of Happiness Principle," which asserts that deeds are justified if they enhance well-being and wro

Stoicism, an ancient Greek philosophy founded in the early 3rd century BCE by Zeno, teaches the practice of self-discipline and resilience as a way to defeat negative emotions. The philosophy maintains that virtue, the supreme good, is based on knowledge and that the enlightened live in harmony with the divine Reason that rules nature. This congrue

Stoic philosophy, an ancient Greek school of thought founded in the early 3rd century BC by Zeno of Citium, promotes the development of self-control and strength as a means to defeat harmful emotions. The school of thought asserts that moral excellence, the highest good, is based on wisdom and that the wise coexist with the divine Reason that contr

Existentialist philosophy, a ideology that developed in the 19th and 20th centuries, stresses personal freedom, free will, and personal experience. Central to this school of thought is the idea that existence precedes essence, implying that humans create their own meaning and meaning through their actions. Philosophers of existentialism like Jean-P