Stoicism, an ancient Greek philosophy founded in the early 3rd century BCE by Zeno, teaches the practice of self-discipline and resilience as a way to defeat negative emotions. The philosophy maintains that virtue, the supreme good, is based on knowledge and that the enlightened live in harmony with the divine Reason that rules nature. This congruent existence involves embracing the moment as it unfolds, not letting oneself to be ruled by the desire for enjoyment or fear of suffering.
At its center, Stoicism instructs that external circumstances are outside our control; we can only influence our responses to them. This perspective fosters resilience and emotional balance, allowing individuals preserve tranquility amidst life's challenges. The Stoic discipline of attentiveness, or "prosoche," requires perpetual awareness and attention to one’s thoughts and behaviors, confirming they align with reason and moral excellence. Notable Stoic sages such as Marcus Aurelius, Epiktetos, and Seneca the Younger have passed down invaluable teachings that continue to influence contemporary thought and personal development techniques.
The principles of Stoicism's emphasis on rationality and self-control offers a practical framework for self-improvement. By concentrating on what we can manage and acknowledging what we cannot, followers of Stoicism hold we can reach tranquility and a fulfilling life. This ideology's enduring wisdom provides direction on handling challenges, regulating emotions, and practicing ethical behavior. Through the practice of ethical principles like insight, fortitude, righteousness, and self-restraint, the Stoic way encourages persons to pursue lives of significance and virtue, irrespective philosophy of external situations.